Effect Of The Ethanolic Extract Of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) On Liver Functions Of Adult Wistar Rats
This research was carried out to determine the effect of administration of Achomanes Difformis (blume) on liver functions in adult wistar rat, in which 20 adult wistar rats were purchased at the institute of advanced medical research and training (IMRAT), UCH, Ibadan. The rats were grouped into 4 in which there is a control group in which the rats were placed on normal diet and water. Other groups (A, B and C) were administered 300mg/kg/b.wt, 500mg/kg/b.wt and 700mg/kg/b.wt respectively. The herb was administered for duration of 14 days. Their cages were cleaned every day maintain proper hygiene. The rats were sacrificed immediately after two weeks of drug administration. From the result obtained, the administration of Anchomanes difformis has a hepatotoxic effect. It showed that there was an insignificant increase (p>0.05) in the level of AST, ALT and ALP, and an insignificant decrease (p>0.05) in the level of Total and Direct Bilirubin in the plasma at different dosage rate of the herb, when compared to the control group. The result demonstrates that the ingestion of Anchomanes difformis has a hepatotoxic effect in adult wistar rat.
Title page i
Certification page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Medicinal plants
1.1.2 History of medicinal plants
1.2 Liver function test
1.3 Aim of study
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Anchomanes Difformis
2.1.2 Features
2.1.3 Uses of Anchomanes Difformis
2.1.4 Scientific studies on A.difformis
2.2 The Liver
2.2.1 Anatomy of the Liver
2.2.2 Functions
2.2.3 Cell types
2.3 Evaluation of Liver functions
2.4 Abnormal levels of liver enzymes
2.4.1 Nonalcoholic fatty liver damage
2.4.2 Alcohol
2.4.3 Wilson disease
2.4.4 Hepatits
2.4.5 Cirhosis
2.4.6 Medications
2.5 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
2.5 Functions
2.5.1 Mechanism of action
2.5.2 Clinical signifance
2.6 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
2.6.1 Functions
2.6.2 Clinical significance
2.7 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
2.7.1 Physiology
2.7.2 Elevation in ALP level
2.8 Bilirubin
2.8.1 Functions
2.8.2 Clinical significance
2.8.3 Abnormal Bilirubin level
Chapter Three
3.0 Materials and methods
3.1 Apparatus and equipment
3.2 Chemical reagents
3.3 Collection and extraction of plant materials
3.4 Practical history and Animal management
3.5 Drug administration
3.6 Sacrificing of rats
3.7 Organ homogenization
3.8 Biochemical analyses
3.8.1 Bilirubin
3.8.1.1 Principle
3.8.1.2 Reagent composition
3.8.1.3 Procedure
3.8.2 Alanine aminotransferase
3.8.2.1 Principle
3.8.2.2 Reagent composition
3.8.2.3 Procedure
3.8.2.4 Calculation
3.8.3 Alkaline phosphatase
3.8.3.1 Principle
3.8.3.2 Reagent composition
3.8.3.3 Preparation of reagents
3.8.3.4 Procedure
3.8.3.5 Calculation
3.8.4 Aspartate aminotransferase
3.8.4.1 Principle
3.8.4.2 Reagent composition
3.8.4.3 Procedure
3.8.4.4 Calculation
Chapter Four
4.0 Results
Chapter Five
5.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Reference
Appendix
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Effect Of The Ethanolic Extract Of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) On Liver Functions Of Adult Wistar Rats”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
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The main body of the Effect Of The Ethanolic Extract Of Anchomanes Difformis (Blume) On Liver Functions Of Adult Wistar Rats should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
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