Biochemical Evaluation Of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana)
Chemical evaluation of Avocado Pear leaves. During the process of my research temperature for drying the sample was not high to avoid protein denature temperature between 50oc and 60oc was used. the proximate analysis which include the carbohydrate determination was 69. 65%, SD ± 0.01, the protein was 14.00%, SD ± 0.01, the crude fat was 7.3%, SD ± 0.02,the crude fibre was 3.7%, SD ± 0.04 the ash content was 5.26% ± 50 0.01, the moisture content was 59.84%, SD ± 0.02 and the caloric value was 401.11kcal. SD ± 00.1. the anti-nutrients determination includes; the hydrocyanide (HCN), which was 104.17mg/100g, SD ± 0.01, the phytate with 30.40mg/100g SD ± 0.01 the oxalate with 158.40mg/100g, SD ± 0.01, and the tannins with 1361.19mg/100g, SD ± 0.02. and also, the antioxidant vitamins determination which includes; the vitamin A and C. the Vitamin A determination was found to be 70.00mg/100g, SD ± 0.01, and vitamin C determination was reported as 832.72mg/100g, SD ± 0.01.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Information
Avocados (Persea Americana) were first cultivated in South Americanwith later migration to Mexico (Slater et al, 1988).
They were seen in the United State in the early 1800’s.
There are more than 80 varieties, with the “Hass” variety dominating the crop share, Avocados are loaded with nutrients such as dietary fiber, vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Potassium, Magnesium and folate. The leaves Contains anti-nutrients such as, hydrocyanide, oxalate, phytate and tannins. They are also rich in other nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fibres, fat, moisture and ash and calories. They are cholesterol and sodium free (Smith et al, 2002). Avocados are large berry that contains a single large seed. They are Seasonal fruit and usually on a tall tree plant with green leaves and flowers during the pre-climatic period. They are commercially valuable and are cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean climates throughout the world. The fruits are green-skinned, fleshly bodies that may be Pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical and may change colour when they are ripe depending on their varieties. For example; the Hass Avocado variety has a dark green-coloured, bumby skin, it is a large-sized fruit that becomes a dark purplish –black and yields to gentle pressure. When ready to serve, it becomes white-green in the middle part of the inner fruit.
Flowering
Three Climatic factors are considered to influence flowering and fruit set in avocados: 1) the occurrence of frost during the winter; 2) lowmean temperatures during flowering and fruit set; and 3) the occurrence of extreme high temperature during fruit set (Hodgson, 1947). Studies by Inuoe and Takahasi (1989) demonstrated that floral bud initiation occurs predominantly in November for the cultivars Zutano, Jalna and Fuerte which would partially explain why low winter temperatures would impact avocado flowering and fruit set. Sedgely (1977) demonstrated that low temperatures (<10c) during bloom can negatively affect flowering and fruit set. Temperatures exceeding 35c has also been shown to negatively influence flowering, fruit set and retention for Hass variety (Sedgely and Annells, 1981).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In our society, people although do not consume Perseaamericana leaves and completely ignored herbal medicinal significance of this leaf.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The objective of this study is to investigate the medicinal effect of Perseaamericana leaves. For instance, it role as antioxidants, nutritional effect, as well as the anti-nutriment compositions. The avocado leaves can be use as extra for management and complete remedy for medical diseases such as; cancer, stroke, heart diseases etc.
1.4 Justification of the Study
This study is worth carrying out, as it plays a role in herbal medicine. Through this research, we can find different chemical evaluation on the Perseaamaricana leaves from a particular area.
For instance, the proximate composition of avocado leaves, the anti-nutrient and antioxidants composition of avocado pear from a particular geographical area.
1.5 Aim and Scope of the Study
The study covers chemical evaluation of Persea americana (avocado) leaves. The leaves where brought to the laboratory and chemical parameters where determined, which includes the moisture, ash content, crude fibre, crude fat, carbohydrate, protein, caloric, value, tannins determination, oxlates, phylate, hydrocyanide, vitamin A and Vitamin C determination.
Abstract
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background information
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the problem
1.4 Justification of the study
1.5 Aim and Scope of the study
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Botanical Description
2.2 How to make avocado leaves tea for kidney cleansing
2.3 Phytochemistry
2.4 Pharmacological Activity
2.4.1 Vascorelaxant Activity
2.4.2 Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity
2.4.3 Hypotensive activity
2.4.4 Anti convulsant effect
2.4.5 Anti-viral activity
2.4.6 Wound healing activity
2.4.7 Antiulcer effect
2.4.8 Antihepatotoxic activity
2.4.9 Antioxidant activity
2.4.10 Hypoglycemic activity
2.4.11 Effect on Body weight
Chapter Three
3.0 Collection of Sample
3.1 Determination of moisture content
3.2 Ash content
3.3 Determination of crude protein content
3.4 Estimation of crude fibre content
3.5 Carbohydrate estimation
3.6 Caloric Value estimation
3.7 Determination of total vitamin
3.8 Vitamin C
3.9 Estimation of Vitamin A
3.10 Determination of total Oxalate
3.11 Estimation of Tannin
3.12 Determination of hydrocyanic Acid
3.12 Determination of Phytic acid
Chapter Four
4.0 Result and Discussion
4.1 Carbohydrate
4.2 Protein
4.3 Ash
4.4 Fibre
4.5 Calories content
4.6 Lipid content
4.7 Moisture content
4.8 Total vitamin
4.8.1 Vitamin A
4.8.2 Vitamin C
4.9 Anti-nutrient
4.9.1 Oxalate
4.9.2 Phytic acid
4.9.3 Tannin
4.9.4 Hydrocyanic acid
4.10 Removal of anti-nutritional factor
Chapter Five
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
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The main body of the Biochemical Evaluation Of Avocado Pear Leaf (Persea Americana) should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
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