Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials
Wood has historically been a primary raw material for pulp, paper, and fiber-based products. However, the escalating demand for wood in construction, furniture, fuel, charcoal, and other industries, coupled with concerns about deforestation and wood scarcity in many regions, has spurred interest in exploring non-wood alternatives for paper production. This study aims to investigate plantain stem fiber as a viable substitute for traditional paper through the kraft process. Plantain stem fibers were collected, cut into smaller pieces, and treated with varying concentrations of NaOH + H2O (0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M, 2.0M) at 60°C for one hour. Once the fibers turned brown, they were blended into pulp, poured into molds, and dried to produce plantain fiber paper. The results revealed that adjusting the NaOH concentration yielded varying dry paper masses (15.4g, 15.2g, 15.0g, 14.4g) and pulp yields (15.6g, 15.0g, 14.8g, 14.6g) respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of plantain stem fiber as a sustainable alternative source for paper production.
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGUERS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.4 Significance of the Work
1.5 The Scope of work
CHAPTER TWO : LITEERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Studies related to banana fibres
2.2 Studies related to pre-treatments
2.3 Paper and Pulp Industry in Nigeria
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.0 Materials used
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Procedure
3.3.1 Collection and preservation of fibre
3.3.2 Pre-Treatment of Plantain Stems
3.3.3 Extraction of Fibre
3.3.4 Drying of plantain fibers
3.3.5 Cooking of plantain stem fibre
3.3.6 Blending of Boiled Fiber
3.3.7 Mold and Deckle
3.4 Process of pulping and paper making
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Plantain Fiber
4.1 Results of Physical Analysis
4.1.1 Grams of Fibre used and amount of paper produced
4.1.2 Time of boiling and fineness of paper
4.1.3 Amount of water used and time for drying
4.1.4 Time for blending and the smoothness of the paper
4.2 Results of Chemical Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendation
REFERENCE
APPENDICES
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
Next, the Table of Contents organizes the Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials by listing its chapters and sections, along with page numbers for easy reference. The List of Figures and List of Tables help guide readers to specific visual elements like graphs, charts, or tables included in the document. There should also be an Abbreviations and Glossary section to explain any specialized terms or acronyms, making the content clearer to readers unfamiliar with the technical language.
The main body of the Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work