Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery
ABSTRACT
Controlled rectified charger for charging automotive battery is an improved battery charger circuit for rapidly charging a battery by increasing the rate of battery charge acceptance through periodic battery discharge during the charging process includes a pair of first and second controlled rectifier circuits coupled to an AC source and adapted for coupling to a battery. The first controlled rectifier circuit is rendered conductive during the charging intervals to supply the battery with charge current from the AC source. The second controlled rectifier circuit is rendered conductive during battery discharge intervals to discharge the battery in a substantially lossless manner by conducting battery discharge current through the AC source, thus realizing a highly efficient battery charger.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.2 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.3 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERY CHARGERS
2.4 REVIEW OF SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)
2.5 SCR OPERATING MODES
2.6 SCR IN FORWARD AND REVERSE CHARACTERISTICS
2.7 PARAMETERS OF SCR
2.8 OVERVIEW OF SINGLE PHASE RECTIFICATION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 COST OF PRODUCTION
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION/SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A battery is a device which can store energy in chemical form and convert that energy into electrical energy when needed. It can be secondary (rechargeable) or primary (Non rechargeable) Rechargeable batteries have an advantage over primary batteries with the fact that they can be reused. This is possible by charging a battery, i.e. feeding energy to the secondary cell by forcing electric current through it.
A battery basically consists of number of cells, with each cell consisting of two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution consisting of an acid and distilled water. In charged state, one of the electrodes consists of a metal whereas the other consists of metal oxide. The acid enables flow of ions between the two electrodes.
When the battery starts discharging, electrons flow from one electrode (anode) and get accumulated at another electrode (cathode). This happens by the process of oxidation and reduction and continues till both the electrodes are devoid of reagents and the battery is completely discharged. The charging is then done externally by providing external electric current so that the anode receives electrons and the excess electrons are removed from the cathode. However a problem arises when the battery gets overcharged, this leads to more gassing effect. Even excessive discharging of a battery reduces its age.
A solution to this problem is to ensure a controlled charging method such that the battery charging and discharging is done in a controlled manner. This article describes a simple controlled battery charger using an SCR. The AC signal is rectified using a SCR.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The major problem with a conventional battery charger is the ability to charge quickly due to its low current circuit. This device was invented to overcome this challenge. This device rapidly charging a battery by increasing the rate of battery charge acceptance through periodic battery discharge during the charging process includes a pair of first and second controlled rectifier circuits coupled to an AC source and adapted for coupling to a battery.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the project is to design a device that will recharge 12v lead acid battery SCR as the major charging components. The objectives are:
- to charge a motor battery direct from a rectified circuit
- to charge an acid lead battery at higher current
- to use few electronics components to build a battery charger.
- to provide a battery charger circuit for rapidly charging a battery by periodically discharging the battery in a substantially lossless manner at a high rate for short intervals during the charging process.
- to provide a battery charger for rapidly charging batteries through periodic battery discharge which is accomplished in a substantially lossless manner by conducting battery discharge current through the AC source from which it is being charged.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device charges 12v acid battery mainly at higher current. Working on this project has exposed us the knowledge about the applications and operation of silicon controlled rectifier.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This battery charger is used in the following devices:
- It is used in inverter
- It is used in Solar energy system
- It is used in vehicles
- It is used in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-
- Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
- Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The AC main voltage is given to the SCR for rectification and SCR rectifies AC main voltage. This rectified voltage is used to charge battery.
When the battery connecter to the charging circuit, the battery will not be dead completely and it will get discharged this will give the forward bias voltage to the silicon controlled rectifier.
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
Next, the Table of Contents organizes the Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery by listing its chapters and sections, along with page numbers for easy reference. The List of Figures and List of Tables help guide readers to specific visual elements like graphs, charts, or tables included in the document. There should also be an Abbreviations and Glossary section to explain any specialized terms or acronyms, making the content clearer to readers unfamiliar with the technical language.
The main body of the Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work