Development And Calibration Of Center Of Pressure Apparatus
ABSTRACT
The Centre of Pressure Apparatus has been designed to determine the static thrust exerted by a fluid on a submerged surface and allow comparison of the measured magnitude and position of this force with simple theory. A fabricated quadrant is mounted on a balance arm, which pivots on knife-edges. The knife-edges coincide with the centre of arc of the quadrant. Thus, of the hydrostatic forces acting on the quadrant when immersed, only the force on the rectangular end face gives rise to a moment about the knife-edges. The balance arm incorporates a balance pan for the weights supplied and an adjustable counterbalance. This assembly is mounted on top of an acrylic tank, which may be leveled by adjusting screwed feet. An indicator attached to the side of the tank shows when the balance arm is horizontal. Water is admitted to the top of the tank by a flexible tube and may be drained through a cock in the side of the tank. The water level is indicated on a scale on the side of the quadrant.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
- HYDROSTATIC EXAMPLE (DAM)
- HISTORICAL USAGE FOR SAILBOATS
- REVIEW OF MOVEMENT OF CENTER OF PRESSURE FOR AERODYNAMIC FIELDS
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
- EQUIPMENTS AND APPARATUS
- OBJECTIVES OF THE EXPERIMENT
- METHOD
- TECHNICAL DATA PROCEDURE
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULT
- CALCULATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The center of pressure is the point where the total sum of a pressure field acts on a body, causing a force to act through that point. The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the value of the integrated vectorial pressure field. The resultant force and center of pressure location produce equivalent force and moment on the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both static and dynamic fluid mechanics. Specification of the center of pressure, the reference point from which the center of pressure is referenced, and the associated force vector allows the moment generated about any point to be computed by a translation from the reference point to the desired new point. It is common for the center of pressure to be located on the body, but in fluid flows it is possible for the pressure field to exert a moment on the body of such magnitude that the center of pressure is located outside the body.
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to setup an apparatus that is used in determining the centre of pressure and the thrust on a body immersed in a fluid basically water.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- To determine the hydrostatic thrust acting on a plane surface immersed in water.
- To determine the position of the line of action of the thrust and to compare the position determined by experiment with the theoretical position.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
From this experiment we are able to measure the moment due to the total fluid thrust on a wholly, or partially, submerged plane surface to be directly measured and compared with theoretical analysis. The plane area may be tilted relative to the vertical so that the general case may be studied. The water is contained in a clear Perspex quadrant, the cylindrical sides of which have their central axes coincident with the axis about which the turning moments are measured. The total fluid pressures on the secured surfaces therefore exert no moment about this pivot, the only moment being due to the fluid pressure on the plane test surface. This moment is simply measured by weights suspended from a level arm.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is:
- Determination of force due to hydrostatic pressure
- Determination of Center of pressure
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- Very efficient
- Rigid construction
- Easy to operate
- Long lasting
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Development And Calibration Of Center Of Pressure Apparatus”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
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The main body of the Development And Calibration Of Center Of Pressure Apparatus should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
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