Design And Fabrication Of An Ice-Block Making Machine
This work is titled construction and fabrication of an ice block making machine. Ice block making machine revolves around the concept of refrigeration. The concept of refrigeration revolves around the reverse Carnot cycle. This is a cycle involving isentropic expansion (at the throttling valve), isothermal expansion (at the evaporator), isentropic compression (at the compressor) and isothermal compressor ( at the condenser) Compression raises the temperatures of the refrigerant above that of its natural surrounding so that it can give up its heat in a heat exchanger to a heat sink such as air or water (condenser). Expansion lowers the refrigerant temperature below the temperature that is to be produced inside the cooling compartment.
INTRODUCTION
This project is on construction and fabricate an ice block making machine. Ice making machine may refer to either a consumer device for making ice, found inside a home freezer; a stand-alone appliance for making ice, or an industrial machine for making ice on a large scale. The term “ice machine” usually refers to the stand-alone appliance.
The ice generator is the part of the ice machine that actually produces the ice. This would include the evaporator and any associated drives/controls/subframe that are directly involved with making and ejecting the ice into storage. When most people refer to an ice generator, they mean this ice-making subsystem alone, minus refrigeration.
An ice machine, however, particularly if described as ‘packaged’, would typically be a complete machine including refrigeration and controls, requiring only connection to utilities.
The second chapter of these write-up ushers in a precise review of the history and literature of refrigeration from ancient man to modern day or contemporary man (i.e modern refrigerating equipment).
Chapter three deals in detail on the methods of calculating refrigeration equipment. Chapter four sequentially gives the overview of the factors, qualities and properties considered in choice decision of the material components (both standard/ranging engineering materials) used for the fabrication and the steps undergone in the assembly of the components to form the refrigerating equipment.
The fifth chapter analysis the material and labour cost incurred in the course of undertaking this project. Chapter six, ummarily is a low down of the maintenance and use instructions to be strictly adhered to in order to make the most effective, economic and efficient use of the refrigerating equipment as well as enable the equipment complete its service life. There is also a provision in this part for the notification of the usual defects observed or experienced during use and the corresponding panacea for them. Included is the reference for future consultancy which helps the student or reader who decides to embark on further research or a fact finding mission on innovations that may add as a filling to this work or to the topic as a whole.
This write-up within its scope is moderate sufficient to the educate the reader on the design and fabrication of ice block making machine.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of this project is to construct and fabricate an ice block making machine, a consumer device for making ice
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Sea water flake ice machine can make ice directly from the sea water. This ice can be used in fast cooling of fish and other sea products. The fishing industry is the largest user of flake ice machines. Flake ice can lower the temperature of cleaning water and sea products; therefore it resists the growth of bacteria and keeps the seafood fresh.
Because of its large contact and less damage with refrigerated materials, it is also applied in vegetable, fruit and meat storing and transporting.
In baking, during the mixing of flour and milk, flake ice can be added to prevent the flour from self-raising.
In most cases of biosynthesis and chemosynthesis, flake ice is used to control the reaction rate and maintain the aliveness. Flake ice is sanitary, clean with rapid temperature reduction effect.
Flake ice is used as the direct source of water in concrete cooling process, more than 80% in weight. Concrete will not crack if has been mixed and poured in constant and low temperature.
In Focusun, flake ice is also used for artificial snowing, so it is widely applied in ski resorts and Entertainment Park.
1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Ice making machine can be used in the cooling process, such as temperature controlling, fish fresh freezing, and beverage bottle freezing. It can be consumed alone and with food or beverages.
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Chapter one: Introduction
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Chapter Three: Design Analysis and Calculations
3.1 Determination and choice of condenser and Evaporator temperature.
3.2 Cooling Load Calculation
3.3 Flow Rate
3.3.1 Mass flow rate
3.3.2 Ton of Refrigeration
3.3.3 Volume flow rate
3.4 Determination of Compressor size
3.5 Determination of pipe size and length
3.5.1 Comparing the velocities for different pipe size.
3.5.2 Summary table.
Chapter Four: Construction Details
4.1 Material Selection
4.2 Sequence of operation
4.3 Assembly
Chapter Five: Cost Analysis
Chapter Six: Recommendation
6.1 Maintenance and use Instructions
6.1.1 Condenser Maintenance
6.1.2 Defrosting
6.1.3 Other Instructions
6.1.4 Common Complaints, Causes and Remedy
Chapter Seven: Refrigerants
7.1 Requirements for refrigerants
7.2 Identifying Refrigerants by number
7.3 Halide refrigerants
7.4 Grouping and Classification of refrigerants
7.5 Group one Refrigerants
7.6 R-12 Dichlorodi Fluoromethane (ccl2f2)
7.7 R-22 Monochlorodi fluoromethane (CHCLF2)
7.8 R-11 Trichloromono fluoromethane (CCL3F)
7.9 Azeotropic Mixtures
7.10 R-500 Refrigerant
7.11 R-502 Refrigerant (R-22 + R-115) (CHCLF2/CCLF2 CF3)
7.12 R-503 Refrigerant (R-23 +R-13) (CHF3/CCLF3).
7.13 R-504 Refrigerant (R-32 +R115) (CH2F2 (F3 CCLF2)
7.14 Group two refrigerants
7.15 R- 717 Ammonia (NH3)
7.16 Group three refrigerants
7.17 Expendable Refrigerants
7.18 Water as a Refrigerants
7.19 Refrigerant Cylinders
7.20 Color code for refrigerants cylinders
Chapter Eight: Conclusion
Reference.
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Design And Fabrication Of An Ice-Block Making Machine”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
Next, the Table of Contents organizes the Design And Fabrication Of An Ice-Block Making Machine by listing its chapters and sections, along with page numbers for easy reference. The List of Figures and List of Tables help guide readers to specific visual elements like graphs, charts, or tables included in the document. There should also be an Abbreviations and Glossary section to explain any specialized terms or acronyms, making the content clearer to readers unfamiliar with the technical language.
The main body of the Design And Fabrication Of An Ice-Block Making Machine should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Design And Fabrication Of An Ice-Block Making Machine research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Design And Fabrication Of An Ice-Block Making Machine project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work