Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor
The project is titled design and construction of an automatic gate opener using infrared sensor. Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is always required to open the door for visitors.
This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by using sensors. The PIR sensor transmitter emit infrared radiation from a considerable distance and sends it to the receiver, commanding the receiver to either open the gate or to close it. This sensing signal is fed to a controller to operate a door motor through motor driver IC. The sensor sends a logical command to open the door. The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION
- TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS
- OTHER MOTION SENSOR FEATURES
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT AUTOMATIC DOOR SENSORS
- REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
- RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
- SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
An automatic opening and closing of door sensor involves open and closing a door using sensor: The most common single-technology sensor operated door uses passive infrared (PIR) energy to recognize the movement of heat in a protected space, and the sensor compose of the transmitter and the receiver.
This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by pressing a remote when we want the door to be close and vice-versa. This is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. When the remote is pressed the sensor emits infrared energy which is been received by the receiver from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to a controller to operate a door motor through motor driver IC.
When the remote is pressed, it sends a logical command to open or close the door. The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating range. Interrupt signals are used through limit switches to avoid locked rotor condition of the motor.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is constructing a device that will automatically open a door by detecting the presence of human approaching the door.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The principle of the project lies in the functioning of the PIR Sensor. A PIR or Passive Infra-red Sensor, as the name indicates, doesn’t emit infrared rays but only detects them.
All humans emit infrared radiations in the form of body heat. A PIR Sensor will capture the difference between the room temperature and body temperature in the form of change in infrared radiation. This change in infrared pattern is converted to a voltage. The voltage from the Data Out of the PIR Sensor can be given to an integrated circuit for further processing like controlling a motor. This work was built around : transformer, an ic, transistor, PIR sensor, diodes, motor with sliding door, Motor Driver IC
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Automatic doors operate with the help of sensors. Sensors do exactly what they sound like they’d do: they sense things. There are many different types of sensors that can sense different types of things, such as sound, light, weight, and motion.
For example, some automatic doors operate when they’re triggered by sensors that sense weight. These weight sensors might be disguised in a rubber mat in front of the door. When you step on the mat, the sensors send a signal to the automatic doors that tells them to open.
Other automatic doors operate on optic or motion sensors. These sensors might be mounted above a set of automatic doors or built on the top or the sides of the frame of the automatic doors.
When these optic or motion sensors sense motion nearby, they trigger the automatic doors to open and then close. This is why, when you approach a set of automatic doors, they will open as soon as you get close enough to activate the sensors.
Automatic doors have many useful purposes, which is why you can find them in many different types of locations. From supermarkets to airports and many types of large buildings, automatic doors make it easier for people to get into and out of buildings. They are especially helpful for people who are handicapped.
Similar to revolving doors, automatic doors also help to save energy, since they limit the amount of time that doors are open to only those times people are entering or exiting a building. And if you’ve ever shopped until your hands are full of bags, you know how handy automatic doors can be when it’s time to head to the car!
1.6 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
An automatic door have some problem:
- it has a limited distance to detect the human presence
- if the sensor for the automatic door is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the door open.
- It cannot detect the small objects such as insects or raindrop.
- Other objects such as dogs can trigger the circuit
- The reliability of the sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- The establishment of electric entryways involves a good amount of money related use. This ranges from buying the gate to services for installation. to paying for the administration of the installers.
- Most of the companies give free after sales services to a certain period of time. However, it is super costly after the time period is lapsed.
- In case of power failure, malfunctioning system or anyone trapped inside your property can cause inconvenience.
- This device has a limited range to cover.
1.8 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Automatic door aren’t just used for home security only. In industrial fields, they are used on assembly lines to keep track of the number of products and to shut down dangerous equipment if a person gets too close. Here are a few other ways PIR sensors are used:
- To open and close automatic Doors
- To turn on and off automatic water faucets and toilets
- To turn on lights when a person enters a room
- To control ATM displays
- At automatic ticket gates
- For some parking meters
1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to motion based automatic door opener. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an automatic door opener were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of an automatic door opener. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
Next, the Table of Contents organizes the Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor by listing its chapters and sections, along with page numbers for easy reference. The List of Figures and List of Tables help guide readers to specific visual elements like graphs, charts, or tables included in the document. There should also be an Abbreviations and Glossary section to explain any specialized terms or acronyms, making the content clearer to readers unfamiliar with the technical language.
The main body of the Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Design And Construction Of Automatic Gate Opening And Closing Using Infrared Sensor project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work