Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion
The primary objective of this project is to warm stored blood using a warmer that adjusts to the patient’s body temperature. Maintaining temperature is critical for safe patient care, as errors can result in life-threatening conditions. The human body’s normal temperature is 37.5 °C, whereas blood from the blood bank is typically stored at 2 °C – 6 °C. The system employs two temperature sensors: one detects the patient’s body temperature and the other monitors the blood bank’s temperature.
To address these needs, we propose a portable paramedic blood warmer based on a microcontroller. This device aims to reduce blood warming time through precise heating control. Both sensors interface with the microcontroller, which includes an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). A Peltier device serves dual roles for heating or cooling and also acts as a temperature controller.
To manage patient safety, a relay driver mitigates vibration caused by abnormal patient conditions. System output is displayed on an LCD unit for real-time monitoring of heat levels. During transfusion, real-time comparison between the blood bag’s temperature and the patient’s body temperature ensures effective warming, preventing hypothermic effects.
While the blood warmer offers benefits such as contamination-free operation, ease of use, portability, and clear digital temperature display with rapid results, it also presents challenges. These include the inability to cool warmed blood and usage restrictions. Specifications for components, accuracy, dynamic performance, and appearance may vary from the device’s actual implementation
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter two
Literature survey
Existing system
Microcontroller based portable paramedic blood warmer for transfusion
Blood infusion warmer
Introducing two new devices for blood warming
An electronic barrier system to improve blood transfusion safety
Chapter three
Proposed system
Block diagram
Chapter four
Hardware description
Power supply unit
Introduction
Pin diagram
Atmega328pinout
Block diagram
Pin description
Architecture diagram
Reset and interrupt handling
Memory description
Registers
Atmega328 and arduino
Uart
Liquid crystal display (lcd)
Instruction and data register
Commands and instruction set
Temperature sensor
Lm35: precision centigrade temperature sensors
General description
Thermoelectric effect
What is the peltier effect?
Code
Peltier module
Vibration sensor
Circuit diagram
Relay
Solenoid valve
Operating principles
Principles of operation
Heart beat sensor
Specification
Chapter five
Software requirement
Arduino ide – 1.8.5
Why Arduino?
Embedded c
Chapter six
Result
Chapter seven
Conclusion
References
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
Next, the Table of Contents organizes the Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion by listing its chapters and sections, along with page numbers for easy reference. The List of Figures and List of Tables help guide readers to specific visual elements like graphs, charts, or tables included in the document. There should also be an Abbreviations and Glossary section to explain any specialized terms or acronyms, making the content clearer to readers unfamiliar with the technical language.
The main body of the Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work