Design And Fabrication Of A Reciprocating Compressor
ABSTRACT
Reciprocating compressor also known as a piston compressor is a positive displacement device. It is one of the most widely used types of compressor in which gas is compressed by reciprocating motion of a piston. It handles low mass of gas but high pressure ratio. During the operation of reciprocating compression, it takes a large amount of gas from the suction line, it is then get compressed by the reciprocation motion of piston driven by the crankshaft, and then it discharges the compressed gas to the discharge line. The main aim of this study is to fabricate a reciprocating compressor with , a reciprocating compressor with cylinder length = 57mm, piston diameter of 60mm and cylinder diameter of 80mm was fabricated. The result of this work indicates that the machine more efficient than the conventional compressors.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
1.6 SCOPE / LIMITATION OF PROJECT
1.7 APPLICATIONS OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
1.8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2 HISTORical background
2.3 DEVELOPMENT
2.4 WORKING PRINCIPLES
2.5 RELATED MATHEMATICAL FORMULA
2.6 REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 MACHINE PARTS
3.2 MATERIAL SELECTION
3.3 PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3.4 PART DESIGN
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 MACHINE CONSTRUCTION
4.2 OPERATION AND WORKINGS
4.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
4.4 DESIGN SPECIFICATION
4.5 CALCULATIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. A compressor is also a device that converts power (using an electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, at c) into potential energy stored in pressurized air (that is compressed air). There are basically 5 types of air conditioner compressor that are commonly used in the HVAC industry and are;
- Reciprocating
- Scroll
- Screw
- Rotary
- Centrifugal
A reciprocating compressor is a type of positive displacement type of air compressor in which air is secured into a chamber and compressed with the help of a reciprocating piston. A reciprocating compressor has a piston that moves downward thus reducing pressure in cylinder by creating a vacuum, this difference in pressure forces the suction chamber values open and bring gas or air in pneumatic (air powered) tools, such as drills and angle-grinders, are important industry because they are generally lighter and safer than those with an electric motor which further highlight the significance of reproaching compressors.
1.1 BACKGROUND
The reciprocating air compressors are found in places where low flow rate and high pressure of the gas are required. These compressors are used primarily for filling the vehicles tire air, small paint jobs, commercial purposes, dust cleaning, hand tools, etc.
1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION
Before the invention of other compressors like the reciprocating compressor, generation of pressure was lower, high efficiency of operation was not achieved. Thus, there was a big need for the use of a reciprocating compressor having a piston that aids in higher pressure generation and higher efficiency.
1.3 AIM OF PROJECT
The main aim of this study is to design and fabricate a reciprocating type of compressor for mechanical engineering department.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
The objectives of the project are:
- To design the components required for this
- To design the machine that is cost effective and easy to handle.
- To overcome the low efficiency seen in other types of compressors.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Its process of operation is faster and reliable. Air is a free gift of nature which is used as the working fluid and in essence, it saves cost. They are also capable of giving large pressure ration.
1.6 SCOPE / LIMITATION OF PROJECT
The scope of this work covers fabricating a reciprocating type of a compressor. The mechanism of the machine can be used to convert any rotational input to a translational output motion.
In this study, a reciprocating compressor with cylinder length = 57mm, piston diameter of 60mm and cylinder diameter of 80mm was fabricated.
1.7 APPLICATIONS OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Reciprocating compressor used to produce high-pressure gas output. Reciprocating compressor is mainly used in the refrigeration cycle. It is widely used in oil refineries, gas pipelines, natural gas processing plants, chemical plants, etc. it is also used in blowing of the plastic bottle.
1.8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Advantages
- Used to produce high-pressure gas.
- It can compress gases and refrigerant of a wide range of molecular density.
- High efficiency and flexibility.
- Cheap and rugged design.
Disadvantages
- One of the drawbacks of the reciprocating compressor is that it cannot self-regulate its capacity against a given output pressure, it will continue displacing the gas until told not to do.
- The size of compressor is very large for a given capacity.
- Part of the work input is lost due to frictional resistance between the piston and cylinder.
- Pulsating of fluid flow. The operation can be made smooth by using a flywheel.
- High vibration and noise.
Piston rings and valves are extremely sensitive to the dirt present in the fluid.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
After the design and fabrication of the air receiver tank, it was tested and was found okay with no sign or chances for leakage. He was also noted that it will last long while storing compressed air.
Although, we had some challenges in detecting the kind of material to be used and that will enhance durability while considering cost.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
We recommend that the reciprocating compressor should be maintained and every precautionary action or measure as pertaining it usage should not be neglected. With the above adhered, we will enjoy the comfort and pleasure that is derived from its operation.
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Design And Fabrication Of A Reciprocating Compressor”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
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The main body of the Design And Fabrication Of A Reciprocating Compressor should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Design And Fabrication Of A Reciprocating Compressor research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Design And Fabrication Of A Reciprocating Compressor project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work