Design And Construction Of A Single Stage Amplifier
ABSTRACT
An amplifier is an electronic device that amplifies the weak signal or increases the strength of a weak signal. It can either be a separate piece of equipment or an electrical circuit contained within another device. Today, every device or circuit, be it analog or digital requires signal amplification at one level or the other during their functioning. Considering the most basic amplifiers i.e. single-stage amplifiers which are the basic building block of all the amplifiers, be it a multi-stage amplifier or a differential amplifier. When in an amplifier circuit only one transistor is used for amplifying a weak signal, the circuit is known as single stage amplifier. The main aim of this study is to build such an amplifier.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
2.2 AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATIONS
2.4 TYPES OF BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
2.5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR
2.5 THEORY AND MODELING
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 COMPONENTS USED
3.3 CRICUIT OPERATION AND DESCRIPTION
3.4 DESCRPTION OF COMPONENT USED
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING SECTION
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
4.6 RESULT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
An amplifier is an electronic device which is used to increase or improve the strength of a weak signal without altering the basic characteristics of the signal [1]. The block diagram of an amplifier circuit with an input and an output is shown in figure 1 (in chapter three). Here, at input end of the amplifier a weak signal is fed and a strong or amplified signal is received at output end. During this whole process of amplification, amplifier circuit utilizes the electric power from power supply for amplifying the signal. Amplifiers can be classified on several basis but considering here the classification based on the number of stages it can be classified into two broad categories: single-stage amplifiers and differential amplifiers. Single-stage amplifiers can further classified into three basic topologies namely common source (CS), common gate (CG), common drain (CD).
In this work, single stage amplifier was designed with 2N2222A transitor using Common Emitter (CE) configuration.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this work is to design an amplifier using a single bipolar transistor in a common emitter (ce) configuration.
At the end of this work, the student involved will be able to:
- Understand the operation of bipolar junction transistor.
- Know the pin-out and pin functions of the bipolar junction transistor
- Design an amplifier circuit.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The following are the advantages of single stage amplifier:
- The single stage RC coupled CE amplifier is most convenient and least expensive amplifier.
- It provides high audio fidelity.
- It has low amplitude distortion.
- It provides low frequency distortion.
- It has wide frequency response and large bandwidth.
1.4 PROBLEMS AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
However, the following are some of the problems of the project-
- It has a very complex base control. Hence, it may lead to confusion and hence, requires skilful handling.
- The switching time is not very fast compared to the high alternating frequency of voltage and current source.
- The voltage gain reduces at low as well as high frequencies.
- It provides poor impedance matching and hence it cannot be used as a final stage of an amplifier.
- It has a tendency to become noisy with age especially in moist climate.
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to amplify a weak signal using a transistor only.
1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- The single stage RC coupled CE amplifier is commonly used as a voltages amplifier.
- It is used in the initial stages of PA (public address) amplifier systems.
- It is used in stereo amplifier.
- It is used in radio and television receivers.
- It is used in tape recorder, CD players, VCRs, DVD players, etc.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the use of single stage amplifier?
What is single stage CE amplifier?
What is the purpose of single stage amplifier?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of single stage amplifiers?
What is the difference between single stage and multistage amplifier?
What is the function of an amplifier?
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Design And Construction Of A Single Stage Amplifier”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
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The main body of the Design And Construction Of A Single Stage Amplifier should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Design And Construction Of A Single Stage Amplifier research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Design And Construction Of A Single Stage Amplifier project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work