Desulphurisation Kerosene
This report aimed at determining the presence and removal of mercaptan sulphur in kerosene using colour indicator method. It is known that impurities such as free sulphur, sulphur dioxide, marketers, finding materials etc. are found in petroleum products. Consequently, absorbents like molecular sieve, calcium oxide and even activated carbon could be used to trap these impurities, thereby making the product impurity free.
The afficac of the absorption using calcium (Cao) Ercammerer flask was determined by titration. Excess Silver Nitrate is added to the sample ie effluent silves mercaptdes with his mercaptan sulphur compound present. The excess silver Nitrate is determined by titration with ammonium thiocrante using ferric ammonium sulphate indicator. Illustration graphically shows that the percentage of sulphur in the sample reduces with increase in time. Furthermore, it was noted that slight increase in quantity of kerosene fields better result.
INTRODUCTION
Kerosene is a petroleum distillate having a flash point of 380c and density of 0.82ca and mainly used as an. Illuminant when burned and a wick as well as in cooking stove and as solvent in process industries. The sulphur content of illuminating oil varies greatly with the type of oil and the lese to which it is to be put into. In general, sulphur or content is important only when oil is to be burned under conditions where the sulphur dioxide that may evolve in the course of combustion must be limited or reduced. This could be found lamps and heating equipments. At maximum, the sulphur content specification for kerosene is 0.13%
Light odourless paraffin’s can be the primary product used specially as non- aromatic solvents. This apparently is extensively used in paint and gerosol industries. Consequently light odourless kerosene is also used in aviation turbines and jet fuel for air crafts. Jet fuel is simple kerosene which has been subjected to appropriate treatment to remove the impurities. Such impurities include mercaptans sulphur, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gum etc. this impurities can be detected in the petroleum products using standard test methods which are extensive elaborated in this work and however removal of these impurities using chemical method. Some of the test methods include, colour indicate method, potentiomentric method mostly applied in kerosene aviation turbine and distillate fuels etc.
Among others in removal of these impurities mostly mercaptan sulphur in kerosene the following regents in colour indicator method are used. Then included silver Nitrate (A2N03) 0.LN, Ammonium thiocerante (NH4 CNS) 0.025N ferric Ammonium sulphate indicator (ALUM) etc
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Letter of Transmittal
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Experimental procedure
CHAPTER FOUR
Experimental result
Data analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion
Conclusion
The Title Page should be the first section of your project “Desulphurisation Kerosene”, providing essential details like the project title, your name, your supervisor’s name, the institution, and the submission date. After that, the Abstract offers a brief summary of your project, touching on its purpose, methods, results, and conclusions in 150-300 words. The Acknowledgments section is where you can thank those who supported your research, such as your supervisor, peers, or organizations that provided resources.
Next, the Table of Contents organizes the Desulphurisation Kerosene by listing its chapters and sections, along with page numbers for easy reference. The List of Figures and List of Tables help guide readers to specific visual elements like graphs, charts, or tables included in the document. There should also be an Abbreviations and Glossary section to explain any specialized terms or acronyms, making the content clearer to readers unfamiliar with the technical language.
The main body of the Desulphurisation Kerosene should start with the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, states your objectives, and gives a brief overview of your research methods. Following that, the Literature Review offers an in-depth look at previous research relevant to your project, identifying gaps your study aims to address. The Methodology section then explains the research design, tools, and data collection methods you used to conduct the project and analyze the data.
In the Results and Discussion section, you present your findings and discuss them in relation to the Desulphurisation Kerosene research questions or objectives, often using tables or charts to help explain the data. The Conclusion summarizes the key results, discusses their implications, and suggests possible directions for future research. You may also include recommendations based on your findings, offering practical advice for improvements or applications. Finally, the Desulphurisation Kerosene project should include a References or Bibliography section to list all the sources you cited, as well as Appendices for any additional material. A Statement of Originality is often included to confirm the authenticity of your work